Tumor Necrosis Factor-α human
SIGMA/H8916 - Xeno-free, recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells, suitable for cell culture
Synonym: TNF-α
CAS Number: 94948-59-1
MDL Number: MFCD00148692
Product Type: Chemical
TNF alpha Pathway Research areas: Apoptosis, Inflammation and Infection, Cancer biology, Immunology, Developmental biology Disease areas: Autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiomyopathy, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis See also: T6674; T0157; T7539; 11371843001; SRP8024; 11088939001
Apoptosis Pathway Research areas: Apoptosis, Inflammation and Infection, Cancer biology, Immunology, Developmental biology Disease areas: Autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiomyopathy, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis See also: T6674; T0157; T7539; 11371843001; SRP8024; 11088939001
SDS-PAGE The purity of recombinant Human TNF-α (Cat. No. H8916) was assessed on SDS-PAGE followed by InstantBlue™ staining (Cat. No. ISB1L).
Activity Assay The biological activity of recombinant Human TNF-α (Cat. No. H8916) was tested in culture by measuring its ability to stimulate cytotoxicity of the TNF-α sensitive cell line L-929 in the presence of actinomycin D. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of TNF-α that elicits a 50% decrease in cell growth in a cell-based bioassay.
| assay | ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) |
| biological source | human |
| form | lyophilized powder |
| impurities | ≤1.00 EU/μg (endotoxin) |
| mol wt | 17 kDa (glycosylated) |
| ~17.4 kDa | |
| packaging | pkg of 10 μg |
| potency | ≤1.0 ng/mL ED50 |
| quality | endotoxin tested |
| Quality Level | 200  |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| storage condition | avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles |
| storage temp. | −20°C |
| technique(s) | cell culture | mammalian: suitable |
| UniProt accession no. | P01375  |
| Analysis Note: | The specific activity was determined by the dose-dependent cytotoxity of the TNF alpha sensitive cell line L-929 in the presence of actinomycin D. |
| Application: | Tumor Necrosis Factor-a human has been used: • as a permeability inducing agent for endothelial cell monolayer permeability assay • as a reactive oxygen species inducer in primary rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMVECs) • in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and HeLa cells • in the stimulation of the human keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT) and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) |
| Application: | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) human has been used • In induction of netting neutrophils by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and to study its effect on platelet activation and formation of monomeric C-reactive protein. • To study the effect of TNF-α on miR-221 and fractalkine expression. • To induce inflammatory cell responses. • In NF-κB luciferase reporter assay. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions: | Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also known as cachectin, is expressed as a 26 kDa membrane bound protein and is then cleaved by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to release the soluble 17 kDa monomer, which forms homotrimers in circulation. TNF-α plays roles in anti-tumor activity, immune modulation, inflammation, anorexia, cachexia, septic shock, viral replication and hematopoiesis. TNF-α is cytotoxic for many transformed cells, but in normal diploid cells, it stimulates proliferation (fibroblasts), differentiation (myeloid cells) or activation (neutrophils). TNF-α also shows antiviral effects against both DNA and RNA viruses and induces production of several other cytokines. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions: | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the rheumatoid arthritis pathology, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis. It stimulates interleukins IL-1 and IL-6. Polymorphism in the TNF-α gene is associated with destructive arthropathy in PsA. The post-translational modifications in TNF-a is crucial for its functionality. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions: | Tumore necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also known as cachectin, is expressed as a 26 kDa membrane bound protein and is then cleaved by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to release the soluble 17 kDa monomer, which forms homotrimers in circulation. TNF-α plays roles in antitumor activity, immune modulation, inflammation, anorexia, cachexia, septic shock, viral replication and hematopoiesis. TNF-α is expressed by a great variety of cells, with numerous inductive and suppressive agents. Primarily, TNF-α is produced by macrophages in response to immunological challenges such as bacteria (lipopolysaccharides), viruses, parasites, mitogens and other cytokines. TNF-α is cytotoxic for many transformed cells (its namesake activity) but in normal diploid cells, it can stimulate proliferation (fibroblasts), differentiation (myeloid cells) or activation (neutrophils). TNF-α also shows antiviral effects against both DNA and RNA viruses and it induces production of several other cytokines. Although TNF-α is used in clinical trials as an antitumor agent, Sigma′s cytokine, growth factor and hormone products are for research only. TNF-α and the related molecule TNF-β (LT-α) share close structural homology with 28% amino acid sequence identity and both activate the same TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Mouse and human TNF-α share 79% amino acid sequence identity. Unlike human TNF-α, the mouse form is N-glycosylated. |
| General description: | The TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) gene is mapped to human chromosome 6p21.33. TNFα is a member of TNF superfamily. TNF-α has a palmitoyl group in the cysteine residue and is phosphorylated in the transmembrane region serine residue. |
| Packaging: | 10 μg in poly bottle |
| Preparation Note: | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is expressed in human HEK 293 cells and has been shown to be predominantly a glycosylated, non-covalently linked homotrimer with a molecular mass of 51 kDa (gel filtration). Production in human 293 cells offers authentic glycosylation. Glycosylation contributes to stability in cell growth media and other applications. |
| RIDADR | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK Germany | WGK 2 |
| Flash Point(F) | Not applicable |
| Flash Point(C) | Not applicable |
| Purity | ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) |
| Storage Temp. | −20°C |
| UNSPSC | 12352202 |