α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus
SIGMA/H9395 - lyophilized powder, Protein ~60 % by Lowry, ≥10,000 units/mg protein
Synonym: α-Toxin
CAS Number: 94716-94-6
MDL Number: MFCD00130489
Product Type: Chemical
Alpha-hemolysin nonspecifically adheres to the cell membrane. Upon contact with lipid bilayers or the detergent deoxycholate, the monomers assemble to form a heptameric pore with a vestibule of 3 nm and a pore diameter of 1.5 nm. This pore allows rapid efflux of potassium ions and small molecules, and influx of sodiun and calcium ions as well as other molecules with molecular weights less than 1,000.
SDS-PAGE α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus (Cat. No. H9395) was assessed on SDS-PAGE.
| biological source | Staphylococcus aureus |
| composition | Protein, ~60% Lowry |
| contains | sodium citrate buffer as balance |
| form | lyophilized powder |
| Quality Level | 300  |
| solubility | H2O: soluble 0.49-0.51 mg/mL |
| specific activity | ≥10,000 units/mg protein |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| UniProt accession no. | Q2G1X0  |
| Application: | α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus has been used: • as a component of electrolyte solution for testing pore formation in lipid bilayer using electrophysiological measurements • to test its osteogenesis suppressive effects in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) • in the preparation of α-hemolysin molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for Biacore and surface plasmon resonance |
| Application: | α-Hemolysin was used in a study to test the efflux pump and haemolysin activity of Escherichia coli of dairy origin. It was also used to test its adaptation to benzalkonium chloride and the effect of ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions: | α-Hemolysin is selectively hemolytic and the monomeric form binds to a membrane and specific receptors are not required for binding. Upon binding to biological membranes and/or artificial membranes, self-oligomerization occurs, resulting in ring structures (hexameric aggregates) believed to represent transmembrane pores, which are permeable to ions and small metabolites. It has a marked preference for rabbit red blood cells. α-hemolysin stimulates cellular phospholipases and induces a Ca2+ influx. It leads to membrane disruption of the endothelial barrier and leakage of cytoplasmic components and osmotic lysis of the cells. α-hemolysin is implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis. |
| General description: | α-Hemolysin, a pore-forming cytotoxin is an extracellular protein secreted by most strains of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. It is secreted as a water-soluble monomer and is a small β-barrel protein. |
| Packaging: | Package size based on protein content |
| Unit Definition: | One hemolytic unit will cause 50% lysis of a 1% suspension of rabbit red blood cells in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.0, containing 1% bovine serum albumin after 30 min at 37 °C followed by refrigeration for 30 min at 4 °C. |
| Symbol |  GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315 - H319 |
| Precautionary statements | P302 + P352 - P305 + P351 + P338 |
| RIDADR | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK Germany | WGK 3 |
| Flash Point(F) | Not applicable |
| Flash Point(C) | Not applicable |
| activity | specific activity: ≥10,000 units/mg protein |
| Storage Temp. | 2-8°C |
| UNSPSC | 12352202 |