Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4

SIGMA/L2630 - purified by phenol extraction

Synonym: LPS

EC Number: 297-473-0
MDL Number: MFCD00164401
Product Type: Chemical

Catalog Number	PKG Qty.	Price


45-L2630-10MG	10 mg	$106.00 1/EAAdd To Favorites	Add To Favorites
45-L2630-25MG	25 mg	$194.00 1/EAAdd To Favorites	Add To Favorites
45-L2630-100MG	100 mg	$418.00 1/EAAdd To Favorites	Add To Favorites

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics.

application(s)	cell analysis clinical research life science and biopharma
biological source	Escherichia coli (O111:B4)
color	off-white to faint yellow
form	lyophilized powder
impurities	≤3.00% protein (Lowry-TCA)
purified by	phenol extraction
Quality Level	300
shipped in	ambient
solubility	water: soluble
storage temp.	2-8°C
technique(s)	cell based assay: suitable
	ELISA: suitable
	ligand binding assay: suitable

Application:	Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Application:	Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 have been used: • for the stimulation of macrophages • for LPS preconditioning in mice • to induce acute kidney injury in mice • to induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice to study the anti-inflammatory effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs)-derived exosomes • to induce hyperinflammatory status in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected mice
Biochem/physiol Actions:	Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) serve as a part of the outer membrane, this makes the outer membrane permeable to hydrophobic molecules such as antimicrobial substances that make Gram-negative bacteria innately resistant. LPS functions in bacteria-host interactions that regulate the host system responses.
General description:	Lipopolysaccharide is a glycolipid, that is composed of carbohydrates linked to fatty acids. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. A typical LPS molecule has lipid A (a glucosamine-based phospholipid), a relatively short core oligosaccharide and a distal polysaccharide (O-antigen). LPSs contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics. They stimulate host cells via TLR2 and TLR4 (toll like receptors). This stimulation results in the generation of various proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor), IL-1 (interleukin 1) and IL-6. This product is phenol extracted from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4. The source strain is from a private collection. This LPS serotype has been used to stimulate B-cells and induce NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in human hepatocytes.
Other Notes:	For additional information on our range of Biochemicals , please complete this form .
Other Notes:	To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.
Packaging:	10, 25, 100 mg in poly bottle
Preparation Note:	The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 ^oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.

Symbol	GHS06
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H300
Precautionary statements	P264 - P270 - P301 + P310 - P405 - P501
Hazard Codes	Xn
Risk Statements	20-21-22
Safety Statements	36
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 3
Flash Point(F)	Not applicable
Flash Point(C)	Not applicable

Storage Temp.	2-8°C
UNSPSC	12352201