Anti-Geminin Antibody, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal
SIGMA/ZRB1816 - recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells
Product Type: Chemical
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) human testis (A and B) and Negative control (no primary) (C and D) tissue sections were prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Immunostaining was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. Reactivity was detected using an Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG and HRP-DAB. Cytoplasmic/nuclear staining was observed in subsets of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of human testis tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) human testis (A and B) and Negative control (no primary) (C and D) tissue sections were prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Immunostaining was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. Reactivity was detected using an Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG and HRP-DAB. Cytoplasmic/nuclear staining was observed in subsets of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of human testis tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) human testis (A and B) and Negative control (no primary) (C and D) tissue sections were prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Immunostaining was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. Reactivity was detected using an Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG and HRP-DAB. Cytoplasmic/nuclear staining was observed in subsets of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of human testis tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) human testis (A and B) and Negative control (no primary) (C and D) tissue sections were prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Immunostaining was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. Reactivity was detected using an Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG and HRP-DAB. Cytoplasmic/nuclear staining was observed in subsets of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of human testis tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) human testis (A and B) and Negative control (no primary) (C and D) tissue sections were prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Immunostaining was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. Reactivity was detected using an Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG and HRP-DAB. Cytoplasmic/nuclear staining was observed in subsets of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of human testis tissue sections.
Immunocytochemistry Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Immunofluorescent analysis of Caco-2 cells was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal and visualized with a Goat Anti-Rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa FluorZooMAb® 488 (Green). Actin filaments have been labeled with phalloidin (Red). Nucleus is stained with DAPI (Blue). This antibody positively stains the nucleus and cytoplasm .
Immunocytochemistry Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Immunofluorescent analysis of Caco-2 cells was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal and visualized with a Goat Anti-Rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa FluorZooMAb® 488 (Green). Actin filaments have been labeled with phalloidin (Red). Nucleus is stained with DAPI (Blue). This antibody positively stains the nucleus and cytoplasm .
Immunocytochemistry Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology Immunofluorescent analysis of Caco-2 cells was performed using a 1:1,000 dilution of Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal and visualized with a Goat Anti-Rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa FluorZooMAb® 488 (Green). Actin filaments have been labeled with phalloidin (Red). Nucleus is stained with DAPI (Blue). This antibody positively stains the nucleus and cytoplasm .
Western Blotting Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology U2OS (Lane 1) and HeLa (Lane 2) cell lysates were probed with Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal (1:1,000 dilution). Proteins were visualized using a Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG secondary antibody conjugated to HRP and a chemiluminescence detection system. Arrow indicates Geminin (~32 kDa).
Affinity Binding Assay Enhanced Validation - Recombinant Antibody Technology 10 mg/mL of non-specific GST protein (Run 1) or recombinant Geminin protein (Run 2) were analyzed by affinity binding assay using Cat. No. ZRB1816, Anti-Geminin, clone 1K11 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal. The binding of this antibody to Geminin protein displayed a KD of 4.6 x 10-6 whereas binding to non-specific GST protein displayed a KD of 2.1 x 10-3.
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Chemical products should be designed to affect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.
Chemical products should be designed to affect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.
12 Principles of Green Chemistry: Principle 6—Design for Energy Efficiency. This product was re-engineered to utilize less energy in the manufacturing process.
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| biological source | rabbit |
| clone | 1K11, recombinant monoclonal |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| description | recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation  |
| epitope sequence | Unknown |
| form | lyophilized |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry . |
| isotype | IgG |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 23.57 kDa |
| observed mol wt ~32 kDa | |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 μL |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_001238918  |
| purified by | using Protein A |
| Quality Level | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| shipped in | ambient |
| species reactivity | human |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| technique(s) | affinity binding assay: suitable |
| immunocytochemistry: suitable | |
| immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable | |
| western blot: suitable | |
| UniProt accession no. | O75496 |
| Application: | Quality Control Testing Evaluated by Western Blotting in U2OS cell lysate. Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected Geminin in U2OS cell lysate. Tested applications Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Geminin in HeLa cell lysate. Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound Geminin with a KD of 4.6 x 10-6 in an affinity binding assay. Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Geminin in Caco-2 cells. Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Geminin in human testis tissue sections. Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user |
| Disclaimer: | Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals. |
| General description: | We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information. |
| General description: | ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them. |
| Immunogen: | His-tagged full-length recombinant human Geminin. |
| Legal Information: | ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany |
| Physical form: | Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL. |
| Reconstitution: | 300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type. |
| Specificity: | Clone 1K11 is a ZooMAb® Rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Geminin. |
| Storage and Stability: | Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws. |
| Target description: | Geminin (UniProt: O75496; also known as Gem) encoded by the GMNN gene (Gene ID: 51053) in human. Geminin is a homotetrameric protein that is mainly localized in the cytoplasm but can also be found in the nucleus. Geminin is an important regulator of proliferation and differentiation in metazoans, which predominantly inhibits the DNA replication licensing factor Cdt1, thereby preventing genome over-replication. It inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of mini-chromosome maintenance complex (MCM) complex into pre-replication complex. It is not detected during the G1 phase, but accumulates during S, G2, and M phases, and disappears at the time of the metaphase-anaphase transition. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle. Geminin is reported to inhibit histone acetyltransferase activity of KAT7/HBO1 in a Cdt1-dependent manner and also inhibits transcriptional activity of a subset of Hox protein, enrolling them in cell proliferative control. Geminin undergoes phosphorylation at serine 184 by casein kinase 2 during mitosis, which results in enhanced binding to Hox proteins and more potent inhibitory effect on Hox transcriptional activity. Geminin is reported to interact with IDAS via its coiled-coil domain (aa 94-144), which targets it to the nucleus. It is shown that in contrast to IDAS-Geminin heterodimers, IDAS homodimers are thermodynamically unstable and are unlikely to exist as a stable macromolecule under physiological conditions. Mutations in GMNN gene are known to cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome 6, which is characterized by bilateral microtia and severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. This ZooMAbZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Caillat , C., et al. (2013). J. Biol. Chem. 288(44); 31624-31634; Zhou, B., et al. (2012). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 109(23); 8931-8936; McGarry, TJ., and Kirschner, MW. (1998). Cell. 93(6); 1043-53). |
| Storage Temp. | 2-8°C |
| UNSPSC | 12352203 |